Human Resource Development In The Russian Federation

Unlike Brazil, India, Or China, Prior To The Beginning Of Market-oriented Reforms In Early 1990s, Russia Maintained A High Level Of Human Capital And Possessed A Highly Developed System Of Vocational Education, Continuous Education, And Management Development Institutions Sponsored By The Government. However, After The Beginning Of The Market Reforms Many State-sponsored Programs Were Disbanded And Individual Enterprises And Newly Emerging Private Educational Institutions Found Themselves In A Position Of Having To Provide Training And Professional Development Services For Future And Current Employees. Both Government-level Policies In Support Of Hrd And Enterprise-level Hrd Systems Have Emerged Fairly Recently In The Russian Federation, And Are Still In A Stage Of Change And Development.